The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads eniryz. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hads a and a depression subscale hads. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a brief selfreporting twodimensional questionnaire developed to screen for levels of anxiety and depression among patients in a general hospital setting. Reliability and factor structure of the hospital anxiety. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. The hads includes 14 items assessing anxiety 7item and depression 7item, which are rated on a 4point likerttype from 0 to 3. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. Ab0795 hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a.
James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression. Pdf measurement of change with the hospital anxiety and. Full details of the method of construction of the hads is given. Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the. Pdf is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. Many existing hads d studies have used exploratory methods to select optimal cutoffs. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and the 9.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. Hads is a 14item selfreport screening scale that was originally developed to indicate the possible presence of anxiety and depression. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads aastha. Epidemiology, health services and outcome research. To evaluate further the psychometric properties of the chinese version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads as a screening instrument for anxiety and depression in chinese.
Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in survivors of. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure symptoms of anxiety hads anxiety and depression hads depression. This study examined the internal consistency and factor structure of the hads among veterans in a polytrauma traumatic brain injury clinic. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version hads. Measurement of change with the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research. Hads is a 14item selfreport screening scale that was originally developed to indicate the possible presence of anxiety and depression states in the setting of a medical nonpsychiatric. Research on the validity of measurement of anxiety and depression in asd is currently lacking.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression. Pdf a validation study of the hospital anxiety and. The total score is the sum of the 14 items, and for each subscale the score. Assessment of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, hds page 2 of 4 4 i can laugh and see the funny side of things as much as i always could 0 not quite so much now 1 definitely not so much now 2 not at all 3 5 worrying thoughts go through my mind a great deal of the time 3 a lot of the time 2 not too often 1 very little 0 6 i feel cheerful never 3 not. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads pdf book. The instruments studied most widely in a variety of contexts are the general health questionnaire ghq and the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents. One of the most widely used measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms in general medical settings, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 912, is also used commonly in critical illness survivors. It has been acknowledged that the chinese version of the hads.
It is designed to measure anxiety and depression 7 items for each subscale. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she. There is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and depression, in order to understand the experience of. Hospital anxiety and depression scale patientreported. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care medical practice. It should be emphasised that selfassessment scales are only valid for screening purposes.
Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale researchgate. Tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of. Hospital anxiety and depression scale rehabmeasures database. Review the validity of the hospital anxiety and depression. The anxiety subscale hads a has a specificity of 0.
Reliability and factor structure of the hospital anxiety and. Ab0795 hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a nondiscriminatory patient related outcome measure prom in a rheumatology long term condition ltc clinic. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was administered to 50 1665 yr old medical patients and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hads a and a depression subscale hads d both containing seven. The aim of this study was to explore the properties of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in a sample of 151 young people with asd. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and quality of. Full text the hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with.
Psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads depression only study identification tool comparator caseness population results consultation hahn et al. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. A 14item scale divided into two subscales, anxiety and depression, each one comprising 7 items depression for even items and anxiety for odd ones.
Aug 01, 2003 construction of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads the study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The result of the study undertaken for this purpose was published under the title of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. A score of 11 was used as the cutoff for all hads subscales. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. This study examines the psychometric properties of a brief selfreport measure of anxiety and depression, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 4, in a sample of veterans evaluated in a department of veterans affairs va polytraumatbi clinic. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine. Development and validation of arabic version of the. The use of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. Ivtr and inclusion criteria required the absence of any psychotic or organic psychiatric disorder. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with multiple sclerosis jose luis paisribeiro,1,2 ana martins da silva,3,4 estela. In addition to the phq9, the depression module of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads d is widely used to screen for depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet grading.
Introduction the depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads d has been recommended for depression screening in medically ill patients. To adapt the scale for chilean cancer patients, we used the spanish version 31 of the original scale 27. The hads is a selfassessment questionnaire designed to detect anxiety and depression symptoms in general hospital patients. Research on the dimensional structure and reliability of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and its relationship with age is scarce. The internal reliability alpha for the depression and anxiety subscales for the present sample was.
Additional assumptions specific to the hospital anxiety and depression scale are listed below. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in different groups of dutch subjects. A valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Please answer the following questions about how you are feeling currently. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads description. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads bmj open. The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each. The anxiety and depression subscales were also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads please check you. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink.
Abstract the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a brief selfreport measure of anxiety and depression symptoms. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 1 was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients. It has been acknowledged that the chinese version of the hads had good. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. Background the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a common screening tool designed to measure the level of anxiety and depression in different factor structures and has. A recent metaanalysis that included more than 20 studies concluded that the. The hads can be used as a screening tool or can be used to track symptom. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads instructions. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is frequently used to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was determined by calculating the percentage of each patient with a score of 8 or higher on the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads with. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the. Among the most commonly encountered of these conditions are anxiety and depression. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in a spanish population.
James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi ety in the setting of an. Often, these studies report results from a small range of cutoff thresholds. Ab0795 hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a non. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. The hads is a selfreport rating scale of 14 items on a 4point likert scale range 03. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all.
Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the past week. A preliminary psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in 963 people living with a spinal cord injury. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. Dear editor, we read with interest the findings by phan et al. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Pdf evaluation of the chinese version of the hospital. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents volume 175 issue 5 david white, chris leach, ruth sims, michelle atkinson, david cottrell. Apr 26, 2012 a preliminary psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in 963 people living with a spinal cord injury. A psychometric evaluation of the chinese version of the. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics.
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